Shanghai Vithy Achita Bwino Bwino Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa China Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024: Insights and Filtration Applications

I.Mawu Oyamba

Makampani a faifi tambala ndi cobalt ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pagawo lopanda chitsulo, lomwe likukula bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pamene kusintha kwa chilengedwe, monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kumayambira, nickel imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa matekinoloje amagetsi oyera, makamaka mu mabatire atsopano a mphamvu. Komabe, makampaniwa akukumana ndi zovuta zingapo, kuphatikiza kusowa kwapanyumba kwa faifi tambala ndi cobalt, kusinthasintha kwamitengo pamsika wapadziko lonse wa faifi tambala ndi cobalt, kukulitsa mpikisano mkati mwamakampaniwo, komanso kuchuluka kwa zolepheretsa zamalonda padziko lonse lapansi.

 

Masiku ano, kusintha kwa mphamvu zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kukopa chidwi chambiri pazitsulo zazikulu monga faifi tambala ndi cobalt. Pamene msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa nickel ndi cobalt ukukwera mofulumira, zotsatira za ndondomeko za mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi North America pa gawo la mphamvu zatsopano zikuwonekera kwambiri. China International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024 idachitika kuyambira pa Okutobala 29 mpaka 31 ku Nanchang, Province la Jiangxi, China. Bungweli likufuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko chathanzi komanso mwadongosolo pamsika wapadziko lonse wa nickel ndi cobalt kudzera mukulankhulana kwakukulu komanso mgwirizano pamwambowu. Monga wochititsa nawo msonkhanowu, a Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. ndiwokonzeka kugawana nzeru ndi kuyambitsa zosefera zomwe zikugwirizana ndi makampani.

 

 

II. Malingaliro ochokera ku Nickel ndi Cobalt Forum

 

1.Nickel ndi Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Kobala: Kukwera kwaposachedwa kwamitengo yamkuwa ndi nickel kwapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke komanso kutulutsa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukitsidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zida za cobalt. Mawonekedwe amitengo ya cobalt akadali opanda chiyembekezo, ndipo kukonzekera kuyenera kupangidwa kuti zitheke m'zaka zikubwerazi. Mu 2024, cobalt padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekezeka kupitilira kufunika kwa matani a 43,000, ndi kuchuluka kwa matani opitilira 50,000 mu 2025. Kuchulukitsa uku kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kukula kwamphamvu pazakudya, zolimbikitsidwa ndi kukwera kwamitengo yamkuwa ndi faifi tambala kuyambira 2020 kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha Democratic Republic. Congo ndi ma projekiti a nickel hydrometallurgical ku Indonesia. Chifukwa chake, cobalt imapangidwa mochulukira monga chotulukapo.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito Cobalt kukuyembekezeka kuchira mu 2024, ndikukula kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 10.6%, motsogozedwa ndi kuchira kwa 3C (makompyuta, kulumikizana, ndi zamagetsi ogula) komanso kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la mabatire a nickel-cobalt ternary. Komabe, kukula kukuyembekezeka kutsika mpaka 3.4% mu 2025 chifukwa chakusintha kwaukadaulo wamabatire agalimoto yamagetsi atsopano, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchulukira kwa cobalt sulfate ndikubweretsa kutayika kwamakampani. Kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za cobalt ndi mchere wa cobalt kukukulirakulira, ndikupanga zitsulo zam'nyumba zokhala ndi cobalt zikuchulukirachulukira mpaka matani 21,000, matani 42,000, ndi matani 60,000 mu 2023, 2024, ndi 2025, motsatana, kufika pa 75,000. Kuchulukirachulukiraku kukusintha kuchoka ku mchere wa cobalt kupita kuzitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kutsika kwamitengo kwina mtsogolo. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe muyenera kuziwona mumakampani a cobalt ndi monga momwe dziko likukhudzira kapezedwe kazinthu, kusokonekera kwamayendedwe komwe kumakhudza kupezeka kwa zinthu zopangira, kuyimitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti a nickel hydrometallurgical, komanso mitengo yotsika ya cobalt yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito. Kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa zitsulo za cobalt ndi cobalt sulfate kukuyembekezeka kukhazikika, ndipo mitengo yotsika ya cobalt imatha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka m'magawo omwe akukula mwachangu monga luntha lochita kupanga, ma drones, ndi ma robotiki, zomwe zikuwonetsa tsogolo labwino lamakampani a cobalt.

 

 

(2)Lithiyamu: M'kanthawi kochepa, lithiamu carbonate ikhoza kukwera mtengo chifukwa cha malingaliro achuma, koma kuthekera konseko kumakhala kochepa. Kupanga zida za lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika matani 1.38 miliyoni a LCE mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 25% pachaka, ndi matani 1.61 miliyoni a LCE mu 2025, kuwonjezeka kwa 11%. Africa ikuyembekezeka kuthandizira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kukula kowonjezereka mu 2024, ndi chiwonjezeko cha pafupifupi matani 80,000 a LCE. Kudera, migodi ya lifiyamu yaku Australia ikuyembekezeka kupanga matani pafupifupi 444,000 a LCE mu 2024, ndikuwonjezeka kwa matani 32,000 a LCE, pomwe Africa ikuyembekezeka kutulutsa matani pafupifupi 140,000 a LCE mu 2024, yomwe ingafikire matani 220,000 ku LCE ku South America, ndikukula kwa Lithium2 ku South America. mitengo ya 20-25% ikuyembekezeka kunyanja yamchere mu 2024-2025. Ku China, kupanga zida za lithiamu kukuyembekezeka pafupifupi matani 325,000 a LCE mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 37% pachaka, ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika matani 415,000 a LCE mu 2025, kukula kumachepera 28%. Pofika chaka cha 2025, nyanja zamchere zitha kupitilira lithiamu mica ngati gwero lalikulu lazakudya za lithiamu mdziko muno. Ndalama zomwe zimafunidwa zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula kuchokera ku matani 130,000 mpaka matani 200,000 kenako mpaka matani 250,000 a LCE kuyambira 2023 mpaka 2025, ndikuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zotsalira zomwe zikuyembekezeka pofika 2027.

 

Mtengo wa chuma cha lifiyamu padziko lonse lapansi umayikidwa motere: nyanja zamchere < overseas lithiamu migodi

 

2. Market Communication Insights

Madongosolo opangira mwezi wa Novembala adawunikiridwa m'mwamba poyerekeza ndi tchuthi chapakatikati pa Okutobala, ndikusiyana kwina pakupanga pakati pa mafakitale a lithiamu iron phosphate. Otsogola opanga ma lithiamu iron phosphate amakhalabe ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe mabizinesi amtundu wa ternary awona kuchepa pang'ono pakupanga pafupifupi 15%. Ngakhale izi, kugulitsa kwa lithiamu cobalt okusayidi ndi zinthu zina kwachulukanso, ndipo malamulo sanawonetse kuchepa kwakukulu, zomwe zachititsa kuti anthu omwe amapanga zinthu zamtundu wa cathode azikhala ndi chiyembekezo mu November.

 

Chigwirizano cha msika pansi pa mitengo ya lifiyamu ndi pafupifupi 65,000 yuan / tani, ndi maulendo apamwamba a 85,000-100,000 yuan / tani. Kuthekera kwamitengo ya lithiamu carbonate kumawoneka kochepa. Mitengo ikatsika, kufunitsitsa kwa msika kugula zinthu zaposachedwa kumawonjezeka. Ndikumwa matani 70,000-80,000 pamwezi komanso kuchuluka kwa matani pafupifupi 30,000, kupezeka kwa amalonda ndi amalonda ambiri am'tsogolo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukumba zotsalirazi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yazachuma, kukayikira mopambanitsa sikungatheke.

 

 

Kufooka kwaposachedwa kwa faifi tambala kumabwera chifukwa choti magawo a RKAB a 2024 atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakutha kwa chaka, ndipo magawo aliwonse osagwiritsidwa ntchito sangathe kupitilira chaka chamawa. Pakutha kwa Disembala, kuperekera kwa nickel ore kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsedwa, koma mapulojekiti atsopano a pyrometallurgical ndi hydrometallurgical adzabwera pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa malo omasuka. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mitengo ya LME kukhala yotsika posachedwa, ndalama zolipirira nickel ore sizinachuluke chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwazinthu, ndipo zolipirira zikutsika.

 

Pazokambirana za nthawi yayitali za mgwirizano wa chaka chamawa, ndi mitengo ya faifi tambala, cobalt, ndi lifiyamu zonse pamlingo wocheperako, opanga ma cathode nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kusagwirizana pakuchotsera kwanthawi yayitali. Opanga mabatire akupitiliza kukakamiza "ntchito zosatheka" kwa opanga cathode, ndi kuchotsera mchere wa lithiamu pa 90%, pomwe mayankho ochokera kwa opanga mchere wa lithiamu akuwonetsa kuti kuchotsera kumakhala pafupifupi 98-99%. Pamiyezo yotsika kwambiri iyi, malingaliro a osewera okwera ndi otsika amakhala odekha poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha, popanda kunyada kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa nickel ndi cobalt, komwe kusakanikirana kwa zomera zosungunula kwa nickel kukuwonjezeka, ndipo malonda akunja a MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) amakhazikika kwambiri, kuwapatsa mphamvu zogulitsira. Pamitengo yotsika, ogulitsa akumtunda akusankha kuti asagulitse, pomwe akuganiza zoyamba kunena pamene fayilo ya LME ikwera pamwamba pa yuan 16,000. Amalonda amanena kuti kuchotsera kwa MHP kwa chaka chamawa ndi 81, ndipo opanga nickel sulfate akugwirabe ntchito motayika. Mu 2024, mtengo wa nickel sulfate ukhoza kukwera chifukwa cha mitengo yamtengo wapatali (zinyalala ndi MHP).

 

3. Zopotoka Zoyembekezeredwa

Kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka pakufunika pa nthawi ya "Golden September ndi Silver October" sikungakhale kofanana ndi nthawi ya "Golden March ndi Silver April" kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, koma mapeto a mchira wa November pachimake amakhaladi motalika kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Mfundo zoweta m'malo magalimoto akale magetsi ndi atsopano, pamodzi ndi malamulo ku mayiko ntchito yaikulu yosungirako zinthu, wapereka thandizo wapawiri kwa mapeto mchira wa lifiyamu carbonate kufunika, pamene kufunika kwa lithiamu hydroxide akadali ofooka. Komabe, kusamala ndikofunikira pakusintha kwa madongosolo a mabatire amagetsi pakatha pakati pa Novembala.

 

 

Pilbara ndi MRL, omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la malonda aulere amsika, atulutsa malipoti awo a Q3 2024, akuwonetsa njira zochepetsera mtengo komanso chitsogozo chochepetsera kupanga. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Pilbara akufuna kutseka ntchito ya Ngungaju pa Disembala 1, ndikuyika patsogolo chitukuko cha chomera cha Pilgan. Pakuzungulira komaliza kwamitengo ya lithiamu kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2020, polojekiti ya Altura idakhazikitsidwa mu Okutobala 2018 ndipo idasiya kugwira ntchito mu Okutobala 2020 chifukwa chazovuta zakuyenda kwandalama. Pilbara adapeza Altura mu 2021 ndipo adatcha pulojekitiyi Ngungaju, akukonzekera kuyiyambitsanso pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu zogwira ntchito, tsopano zatsekedwa kuti zisamalidwe. Kupitilira kukwera mtengo, lingaliro ili likuwonetsa kutsika kwachangu kwakupanga ndi ndalama potengera mtengo wotsika wa lithiamu. Miyezo pakati pa mitengo ya lithiamu ndi kupezeka kwasintha mwakachetechete, ndipo kusunga kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi zotsatira za kuyeza zabwino ndi zoyipa.

 

4. Chenjezo Langozi

Kupitilira kukula kosayembekezereka pakupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kudula kosayembekezereka kwa migodi, komanso zochitika zachilengedwe.

 

III. Kugwiritsa ntchito Nickel ndi Cobalt

Nickel ndi cobalt ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Nawa ena mwa madera ofunikira:

 

1.Kupanga Battery

 

(1) Mabatire a Lithium-ion: Nickel ndi cobalt ndizofunikira kwambiri pazitsulo za cathode m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi monga mafoni a m'manja ndi ma laputopu.

(2)Mabatire Olimba-State: Zipangizo za Nickel ndi cobalt zimakhalanso ndi ntchito m'mabatire olimba, kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe wamagetsi ndi chitetezo.

 

 

2. Kupanga Aloyi

 

(1) Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Nickel ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuti zisawonongeke.

(2)Ma Aloyi Otentha Kwambiri: Nickel-cobalt alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga ndi ntchito zina zotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha komanso mphamvu.

 

3. Zothandizira

Chemical Catalysts: Nickel ndi cobalt amagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira pazinthu zina zamakemikolo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenga mafuta ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala.

 

4. Electroplating

Makampani a Electroplating: Nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukongola kwazitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, zida zapanyumba, ndi zinthu zamagetsi.

 

5. Zida Zamagetsi

Maginito Okhazikika: Cobalt amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito okhazikika okhazikika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama motors, ma jenereta, ndi masensa.

 

6. Zida Zachipatala

Zida Zachipatala: Ma aloyi a nickel-cobalt amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zida zina zachipatala kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe.

 

7. Mphamvu Zatsopano

Mphamvu ya Hydrogen: Nickel ndi cobalt amachita ngati chothandizira muukadaulo wamagetsi wa haidrojeni, kuthandizira kupanga ndi kusunga haidrojeni.

 

IV. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosefera Zolekanitsa Zolimba-Zamadzimadzi mu Nickel ndi Cobalt Processing

Zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga faifi tambala ndi cobalt, makamaka m'malo otsatirawa:

 

1.Ore Processing

(1) Chithandizo chisanachitike: Panthawi yopangira chitsulo cha nickel ndi cobalt ores, zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa ndi chinyezi kuchokera ku ore, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya njira zotsatsira.

(2)Kukhazikika: Ukadaulo wolekanitsa wamadzimadzi wokhazikika umatha kuyika zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ore, kuchepetsa kulemetsa pakukonzanso kwina.

 

2. Njira ya Leaching

(1) Kupatukana kwa Leachate: Mu ndondomeko ya leaching ya nickel ndi cobalt, zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zilekanitse leachate ndi mchere wosasungunuka, kuonetsetsa kuti zitsulo zochotsedwa zibwezeretsedwe bwino mu gawo lamadzimadzi.

(2)Kupititsa patsogolo Mitengo Yobwezeretsa: Kulekanitsa bwino kwamadzi olimba kumatha kupititsa patsogolo chiwopsezo cha nickel ndi cobalt, kuchepetsa zinyalala zazinthu.

3. Njira ya Electrowinning

(1) Chithandizo cha Electrolyte: Panthawi ya electrowinning ya nickel ndi cobalt, zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza electrolyte, kuchotsa zonyansa kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa njira ya electrowinning ndi chiyero cha mankhwala.

(2)Chithandizo cha Sludge: The sludge kwaiye pambuyo electrowinning akhoza kukonzedwa pogwiritsa olimba-madzi olekanitsa luso kuchira zitsulo zofunika.

 

4. Kuchiza kwa Madzi onyansa

(1) Kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe: Popanga faifi tambala ndi cobalt, zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi oyipa, kuchotsa tinthu tating'ono tolimba ndi zoipitsa kuti tikwaniritse malamulo a chilengedwe.

(2)Kubwezeretsa Zothandizira: Poyeretsa madzi oipa, zitsulo zothandiza zimatha kubwezeredwa, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazinthu.

 

5. Kuyeretsa kwazinthu

Kupatukana mu Njira Zoyeretsera: Pakuyenga faifi tambala ndi cobalt, zosefera zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zakumwa zoyenga ndi zodetsa zolimba, kuwonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chomaliza.

 

 

 

6. Zamakono Zamakono

Emerging Filtration Technologies: Makampaniwa akuyang'ana kwambiri njira zamakono zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zolimba, monga kusefera kwa membrane ndi ultrafiltration, zomwe zingathandize kulekanitsa bwino komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

 

V. Chiyambi cha Zosefera za Vithy

M'munda wodzitchinjiriza wodzitchinjiriza kwambiri, Vithy amapereka izi:

 

1. Sefa ya Microporous Cartridge 

lMtundu wa Micron: 0.1-100 micron

lZosefera: Pulasitiki (UHMWPE/PA/PTFE) cartridge ya ufa sintered; zitsulo (SS316L/Titanium) katiriji ufa sintered

lMawonekedwe: Kudziyeretsa nokha, kuchira kwa keke ya fyuluta, ndende ya slurry